Essay on Between Wishes and Beliefs in Wild Grapes

Between Wishes and Beliefs in Wild Grapes In Wild Grapes, Robert Frost demonstrates the complex thoughts and struggles of a woman who lives her life, wishing that she had gained a knowledge that would have made her life different. At the same time, she hopes to preserve the exhilarating way she lives her life. Through the use of character portrayal, metaphor, symbolism, and diction, Robert Frost suggests to the reader that although people know that they should prepare themselves to walk through life, they still listen to their hearts, which causes them to be unprepared for what lies ahead of them. The poem starts with the woman telling a story from her youth, which is engraved traumatically in her mind.†¦show more content†¦Comparing herself with her brother, she characterizes herself as a tomboy who is fond of adventure. However, on the day that she hangs on the tree, she realizes her lack of knowledge, in comparison to her brother, and she shows her fear of facing the reality of life. Frost uses chara cter portrayal to illustrate the differences between their characters. Like Eurydice in Greek mythology, whose husband came back to save her, the little girl is saved by her brother from the tree where she is suspended. Frost captures the idea that she is no longer an adventurer, and that leads the reader to notice that she is facing reality. Then Frost develops their characters making clear contrasts: the one who always knows about things and makes a decision following the knowledge and the one who is always led by the other, follows his knowledge, and gets confused in the process. Frost describes that the glade where the grape tree stands is the place that her brother already knew, and he leads her to the place. This introduces to the reader that he knows about the thing before he does it while she just follows what he does. Next, Frost describes, My brother did the climbing; and at first for in sweet feru and hardhack; which gave him some time to himself to eat. ThisShow MoreRelatedGandhi, All Human Beings Are Equal1297 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar notion as Maher that the people should not have ill-informed beliefs about religion (Maher, Bill. www.imdbco m/title/tt0815241/quote s2008Web.22.Nov.2013). Unlike Marx, he wants the have-nots to fight against the exploiters, not with violence but with non-violence. Anand and Steinbeck hold the same difference in regard to religion and class conflict as is seen between Marx and Gandhi. Simultaneously, Anand puts forward his belief of work is worship and the dignity of labour of the have-nots. AsRead MoreRomanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look at Jack Kerouacs On the Road12240 Words   |  49 Pagestainted by the â€Å"experience.† The fusion of these two styles creates a new strain that has the promise of romanticism, and the pessimism of modernism. The argument will show how Sal Paradise, the narrator, will begin with romantic ideologies and beliefs only to have them become weathered with experience and lead to disillusionment and alienation. In order to understand the usage of the two literary forms, three thematic subjects are used to illustrate this—Dean Moriarty the romantic and alienatedRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesexpediency. Soon after the civil strife between Eteocles and Polynices ends in their deaths, he announces a decree denying Polynices’ burial. He is unrelenting in his stance, as he wants Thebans to know that he is a firm ruler. 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Short Story Let Go Of Me Bitch - 1334 Words

Let go of me bitch. I scratch at his fingers on my upper arm, and he tugs me forward to contain my other arm. Asshole.I spit at him, and I try not to stumble as I realize I m supposed to be walking at the moment but struggle under the weight of my knee. I watch his tall figure as I stumble over my own, distracting myself is the best way to contain my anger right now. His eyes glow with determination, and his mouth pressed into a firm line. His jaw line could cut a bitch, and it flexes as he grinds his teeth. His dark hair flops as we walk. Blake looks down at me, and I try not to recoil. He deserved that! He deserved more than that, he spread a giant rumor that could ruin my life because I screwed up him probably taking advantage of that girl! I yell at Blake as I try to breathe and not cry. I glare at him, and he rolls his eyes. I look forward, and turn my body to the side so I hit the door push with my butt. The door opens, and we go through. Why did you pull me out of the fight you shit bag, he deserved to be yelled at! I try to lock eyes with him, but he won t return my intense stare. That won t stop me from continuing to stare, but it makes it a little more annoying. Blake sighs and looks down, finally locking my gaze as we enter the parking lot. Because it had nothing to do with you Mack. He doesn t stop, but I do. That sentence was like a whistle to start yelling. When I stopped, Blake had to turn to face me, and he looks bored. It has nothingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Russell Banks Short Story, Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story1421 Words   |  6 PagesStab in the Heart A stab in the heart by one’s own hopes is truly the cruelest way to leave this world. Sadly, that is exactly what happen to Sarah Cole in Russell Banks’ short story entitled, â€Å"Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story.† The man who dated Sarah for a short period of time tells the tale. 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Henry David Thoreau was a rebel. Walden can be see Essay Example For Students

Henry David Thoreau was a rebel. Walden can be see Essay n as an account of hisrebellion. By the 1840s, life had changed throughout New England, even in theheart of Americas rebellion, Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau wrote that I havetraveled a good deal in Concord (Krutch 108). He knew what he saw there, andwhat he saw, he began to despise. The mass of men lead lives of quietdesperation (111). In 1775, ordinary men had dared to take up arms of rebellionand strike a blow for independence and freedom (Bowes 123-124). Yet, in thespace of few decades, the combined forces of materialism and technology hadsubdued the children and grandchildren of these freedom fighters and reducedthem to slave-drivers of themselves (Krutch 110). Henry rebelled anddeliberately sought a new life in which he could be free and independent. Hedecided to leave Concord and seek answers to the mysteries of life in the solitudeof the woods and the beauty of the pond. On July 4, 1845, the anniversary of theproclamation of the United States independence, Thoreau went to W alden pond toproclaim his own independence (Literary 397). If the people of Concord had beenswept up by the speed of technology and the lure of money and property, Henrywould separate himself from these attractive deceptions and seek out the reality ofnatures truths, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I didnot wish to live what was not life, living is so dear, nor did I wish to practiceresignation, unless it was quite necessary (Krutch 172). The quality of life throughout America was rapidly changing when Henrycast his critical eye on Concord. Where others saw progress and prosperity, hesaw wastefulness and poverty. We live meanly, like ants (173). The transcendentalists were deeply concerned about the quality of lifein America. A great tide of material prosperity, checked onlytemporarily by the crises of 1837 and 1839 and the ensuing Sweeney 2depression, had overtaken the country. Everything was expanding byleaps and bounds. Virgin territories were being opened to settlementfrom Illinois to Oregon. Turnpikes, canals, steamboats, railroads wererushed into being. The fur trade, overseas commerce, whaling, thecotton culture of the South, the factories of the North were bringingwealth to a happy nation. It was an era of good feeling, a time whenthe common man seemed to be getting his share of creature comforts. Yet sensitive observers feared that all was not well. It appeared notlikely that care for mans intellectual and s piritual nature might besubmerged into the rush for easy riches. What would be the profit inall this material advance if it were not matched by an equal progress inhumanity? So the transcendentalists pondered (Damrush et al. 6-7). Thoreaus response was to awaken from the deadly sleep brought on by thehum of the machine and the pillow of the dollar bills. Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need tocount more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his tentoes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, letyour affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; insteadof a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail. In the midst of this chopping sea of civilized life, such are theclouds and storms and quicksands and thousand-and-one items to beallowed for, that a man has to live, if he would not founder and go to thebottom and make his port at all, by dead reckoning, and he must be agreat calculator indeed who succeeds. Simplify, simplify. Instead ofthree meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundreddishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion. (Krutch 173) Thoreau believed life to be too complicated and such things as internalimprovements to be nothing but furniture cluttering up a room. Americans werebeing confuse d and believed the illusions of luxuries of life to be beneficiary totheir happiness, but the people of New England could not tell what an illusionlooked like. They hadnt the time to notice nature or to distinguish illusions from Sweeney 3the real thing (173). Unlike Thoreau, New Englanders lacked a passion forobservation (Literary 394) for focusing in on nature. Life in New England movedtoo fast to notice

Tourism and Rizal Park free essay sample

Rizal Park as everybody seen it today is the product of years of painstaking work by thousands of unknown citizens who gave of their time and their labors to create something of beauty where there was nothing but yawning wilderness in the very heart of the premier city. Its continued cleanliness and order is a tribute to the people who use it more than to those who tend to it. Here is a park that is used, loved and nurtured by the people who saw it shape up from nothing (http://rizalpark. nationalparks. ph/main. htm, October 9, 2013). Tourist attractions can be natural or man-made. The history and culture of a place are also very important attractions that enhance the natural and man-made attractions found in the place. The history of a place is felt through visits to old buildings and churches, and other places of historical value. Activities for tourist support the tourist attractions that a destinations offers. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism and Rizal Park or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These beef up experience of visitors beyond appreciating the attractions. Learning how to do some crafts and more memorable experience for tourists (Libosada and Bosangit, 2007). Rizal Park is in the heart of Manila, a historical mark of Patriotism of the Filipino’s. The park has beautiful gardens, facilities and can be used as venue for a particular event. The Park is considered as the favorite place of tourists both local and foreign to stroll around. This park is truly a sanctuary of all people in different walks of life (National Parks Development Brochure). Background of the Study It has been said that the Philippine tourism industry is in a state of transition, a slow yet remarkable process of changing landscape. For one, since the park host to Jose Rizal’s execution and through the years, been able to evolve from one historic venue of martyrdom to a national park. Rizal Park is one of the largest parks in Southeast Asia, it has an area of 58 hectares which runs from Taft Avenue up to the walls of the famous Manila Bay. It was known as the Bagumbayan field during the Spanish era since this was where the Filipino-Moslems took refuge after the Spaniards occupied Intramuros in 1571. It was also called Luneta, which means Little Moon. For 74 years, it was used as an executing ground by the Spaniards for Filipino rebels and mutineers. By 1902, Daniel Bumham, architect and city planner chose Bagumbayan as the site of the proposed American government center. He designed a U-shaped composition of buildings, but only three were constructed. The Executive House, the Department of Tourism building, and the Department of Finance building. It acquired its present name Rizal National Park in dedication to the Philippine national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal, whose mortal remains were interred in the cornershore of the Rizal Monument in 1912 (http://rizalpark. nationalparks. ph/main. htm). Setting of the Study â€Å"Luneta† came from the French word Lunette which means a crescent-shaped fort, it was the site of â€Å"La Calzada,† the social hub of Manila’s elite. It was also used by the Spaniards by as an execution grounds for rebels and activists, Namely Dr. Jose P. Rizal and his compatriots the three friars, called Gomburza. The park is divided into three sections beginning with the 16-hectare Agrifina Circle adjoining Taft Avenue, where the Department of Tourism and the National Museum of the Filipino People (formerly the Department of Finance) are located; followed by the 22-hectare park proper that extends down to Roxas Boulevard; and terminating at a 10-hectare open field across Roxas Boulevard fronting Quirino Grandstand along the Manila Bay. The 31-meter Philippine flagpole is called kilometer zero, because it is where the distance of the countrys towns and cities is measured from. Just beside the flagpole is Rizal monument, where foreign leaders attend wreath-laying ceremonies during state visits (National Parks Development Brochure). Figure 1 The Map of the Philippines Showing the Strategic Location of Manila Figure 2 Map of City of Manila Figure 3 Map of Rizal Park FIGURE 4 Paradigm of the Study Conceptual Framework The study is focused on the Development of the new Rizal Park and its effects on the local and foreign tourists’ arrivals. The researchers will identify the factors that influenced tourists to visit the destination. The result of this study will help promote the Rizal Park as the Face of the Philippine Ecotourism. This will give them knowledge on how to preserve and improve the destination to attract more local and foreign tourists. It will also give them accurate insights about the effects of the development of the park to tourists. This would be a big help in knowing the evaluation regarding the location, facilities, amenities, safety, security, and affordability, so that the people responsible on governing Rizal Park will be able to know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of the particular site. Paradigm of the Study The paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study, which illustrates how the specific objectives will be answered. This study will tend to find out about the Development of the new Rizal Park and its effects on the local and foreign tourists’ arrivals. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine the development of the new Rizal Park and its effects on the local and foreign tourist’s arrivals. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: 1. 1 Age 1. 2 Gender 1. 3 Nationality 1. 4 Occupation 1. 5 Frequency of visit 1. 6 Purpose of visit and 1. 7 Educational Attainment? 2. What were the perceptions of the local and foreign tourists on the development of the new Rizal Park in terms of: 2. 1 Architectural Design 2. 2 Facilities 2. 3 Preservation of History 2. 4 Safety and Security and 2. 5 Attractions? 3. What were the perceived effects of the development on the new Rizal Park in terms of: 3. 1 Modernization 3. 2 Governance and 3. 3 Increase Tourists Arrivals/ Frequency of visit? 4. What are the frequent Problems encountered by the foreign and local tourists within the vicinity of the Park? 4. 1 Cleanliness 4. 2 Security 4. 3 Entertainment 4. 4 Food and Beverage Establishment (refreshments area) 4. 5 Comfort Rooms and Washrooms Assumption of the Study The study assumed that all respondents answered the questionnaire honestly and to the best of their abilities. It further assumed that the effect of the development on Rizal Park were accurate representation of Tourists perceptions. Hypothesis of the Study There is no significant relationship between foreign and local tourists’ arrival based on the development of the new Rizal Park. The developments made by the governing party led the destination to its growth or decline in the number of tourist’s arrivals. Significance of the Study The findings of this study will benefit the following: Tourism Students. It can be used by CEU and other educational establishments could be given accurate report on the account of the Rizal Park as an important asset and as an expressive tourist attraction. They could be used as future reference especially to those who would make a research in line with this study. It aimed to give them better appreciation of the features and significance of the country’s national park. Local and Foreign Tourists. It as a place for fun, relaxation and recreation. Tourism Industry. It study may provide insights to the tourism industry in their promotion of the Rizal Park as an essential and meaningful tourists destination in the Philippines. National Parks Development Committee (N. P. D. C. ). This study will provide the governing party of the Rizal Park on the effects of the development made. It will also give them insights on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of the Rizal Park. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study was focused on the development of the new Rizal Park and its effects on the local and foreign tourists’ arrivals. The Rizal Park and Monument was built on commemoration on the National Hero who gave his life for the liberation of their country, Dr. Jose Rizal. The park is indeed a sanctuary to people from all walks of life. It comprises world class sculptures, historical markers, beautiful gardens, facilities for photo and exhibits, event venues, form of entertainment and a dancing fountain. Both local and foreign tourists were be considered to determine the effect of the development of the new Rizal Parks to tourists. Its focus shall include social and economic development in the country which the Park has contributed. On how the modernization, history, security, governance affects the number of tourists arrivals. More importantly, how it influenced the development of tourism industry in the Philippines by including the Rizal park as one of the most notable tourist destination. Definition of Terms For better understanding the following are enumerated: Arrival. It is the number of people who arrive at a destination (Goeldner, 2009). Culture. It refers to the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought that are characteristic of the destination population (Goeldner, 2006). Cultural Heritage. It is defined as monuments and groups of buildings or structures of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science, and outstanding universal value from historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view. (UNESCO Convention for the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972) Development. It is mentioned as the modification of the environment to whatever degree and the application of human, financial, living, and nonliving resources to satisfy human needs and improve the quality of human life (Goeldner, 2009) Tourism. It comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year, for leisure business, and other purposes (Goeldner, 2009). Tourism Industry. It is a composite of entities, both in the public and private sectors, engaged in the planning, development, marketing, sales, operations and evaluation of destinations, products and services that caters to the needs of the travelers (Goeldner, 2009). Tourists. It refers to the people who visit the park. They are travelers who visit a destination or attraction which lasts for more than twenty-four hours and requires lodging facilities (Goeldner, 2009). CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents a review of Related Literature and Studies both foreign and local. Foreign Literature Much media attention has focused on the tourism industry on the natural environment. Thus, many countries consider the effects of developing a tourism destination to its surroundings. In fact, some consider leaving an area untouched, to be marketed as tourism destination (Swarbrooke, 1999). Lundberg (1990) viewed that developing tourist destination will help to attract tourist. This will be a cause of an increasingly economic status of a region â€Å"A Grand Canyon†, natural wonder that is, cannot attract visitors unless there is access by road, air or water. Relatively few visitors will make the trip unless there are hotels and motels or even overnight accommodations for RV’s and tents (Lundberg, 1990). As stated by Goeldner and Ritchie (2006) heritage attractions (such as historic sites) and prehistoric and archaeological sites (such as the ancient monuments of Egypt, Greece, Israel, Turkey, Indonesia, India, Mexico, and Peru) also have appeal for those inspired to learn more about contemporary and long-vanished civilizations. Parks, both private and government enterprises operate various kinds of parks, including amusements parks. National parks are often very important parts of a nation’s or state’s tourism. In some countries (such as certain countries in Africa), national parks are their primary attractions. Historic sites have always been popular attraction for both domestic and international travellers. Traveller’s tend to engage in multiple activities when they travel, Thirty percent of the historic/cultural places travellers said this activities where the primary motive for the trip (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2006). International tourism encompasses the activities of visitors who make temporary visit across international borders, outside their usual environment, and remain for more than 24 hours. The primary purpose of travel can be leisure, visiting friends and relatives, business convention or meeting health, education, religion or sport, as tourism involves both consumption and purchase of goods and services by tourists; its impact can affect many sectors, such as transport and tour operators, accommodation attractions and tourism related business (Mowen, 2009). Government policies in progressive and enlightened nations encourage travel, particularly domestic travel, as means of acquainting people with other parts of their country and building appreciation for the homeland. The presence of visitors in a country affects the living patterns of indigenous people (Manila Bulletin, 1992, p. 22) This study is related to the present study because every year there is always a development done in the society, like the development and innovation of a certain area as a tourist attraction. Rizal Park is a historic place that must be maintained and sustained. Local Literature Rizal Park has transformed into a radiant fulfillment of what the Filipino hero himself might have dreamt; a project realized through the awakened and concerted efforts of the people, and without government aid. Just a famous as the man after whom it is named, the park’s common pride that the park can be a living a symbol of the people’s unity and aspiration. It is not just a beautiful park. It is Philippines history captured from the past and preserved for all to see, read and enjoy. Never before have concerts, fashion shows, ballet, and cultural offerings, all of high quality, been brought within the people’s reach as it is now made available to them at Rizal Park. Likewise a symbol of the continuity of purpose, the Park is an edifice wherein each administration has put in stone evidencing its beliefs in and support for the project from the far-seeing administration who marked out the reserved area and resisted attempts to reduce its size; to President Quirino who initiated the construction of the grandstand to President Macapagal who laid the more concrete plans for its modernization, and now to President Marcos and Major Antonio J. Villegas who gave official support to plans that have metamorphosed the park into a thing of matchless beauty. This relates to the present study because it tells about the history of improvement of Rizal Park. This shows the changes during different administrations. This study gives ideas on what they can do to improve Rizal Park today (Altomonte, 2003). Villafuerte, explained that the extent of the impact of tourism and determined by the nature of the main tourist facilities and their attractiveness to the general public. The volume of visitors, the intensity of their expenditures in the country in the degree to which their spending reticulates increasing the number and variety of expenditure outlets attracts more tourists. The extent to which this expenditure recirculates through the economy is the so-called effect. This is related to the present study because it tackles about the impact of tourism in a certain place, like the impact of the tourist arrival in Manila, because Rizal Park is one of the tourist attractions. The attractiveness of the park’s facilities and service increases the volume of visitors (Villafuerte, 1990). According to Philippine (Republic) National Economic and Development Authority, The Philippines will have already established itself as a leading tourist destination area due to intensive promotions and marketing abroad. As a result of the ASEAN complementation program, it is expected that the country will have been included in several multiplier tour packages. As such tourist arrivals will reach unprecedented levels accounted for mainly by sponsors and participants of international conventions as well as by tourist from nontraditional markets that travel for leisure, recreation and business purpose. However, the volume of foreign tourist arrivals will have stabilized in line with the absorptive capacity of the economy and in specific tourist markets that the Philippines will have catered to; tourist arrivals will have assumed a more balanced nationality profile. In the process, tourism will have developed a national sense of pride either through domestic tourism as more Filipinos see the beauty of their country or through foreign tourist as more visitors to appreciate and take pleasure in indigenous Filipino attractions (Manila Bulletin, 1990, p. 46). This study is related to the present study because the writer is concerned about tourism arrival and to improve the tourism destination to attract the foreign and local tourist in the Philippines. Foreign Studies Authors of â€Å"International Urban Traveler,† as the globalization process accelerates and the volume of tourism markets increases, it has become ever more important to understand international travelers with regard to their patterns, perceptions and preferences based on the inbound destination lifecycle model as the conceptual framework for analyzing international travelers. This study shows the implications of tourism industry to government level and company level. In relation to this study, it is true that international travelers perceived more intangible attributes such that they like to know more about the history of the place. Like the Rizal Park, foreign and local tourists visit the place because they are curious, they find peace and relaxation, and at the same time they appreciate its historical and cultural value while learning from it (Kon, 2001). If they develop a tourist destination, it will help to attract tourists. This may cause an increase in economic status of religion, viewed that developing tourist destination which will help to attract tourists. This will be a cause of an increase in economic status in religion, â€Å"A Grand Canyon†, a natural wonder, cannot attract visitor if there is a poor access. But if there are at least hotels and motels or overnight accommodations for RV’s and tents. The visitor paying 300USD a day at a resort or hotel expect a great deal more; perhaps sand beach. The Lundberg book is related to this study because this tackles about the possible effect if they improve a tourist destination. The only difference is that Rizal Park is a man-made attraction and there a lot of hotel in the area (Lundberg,1990). Intermediate Leisure and Tourism, the National Parks are particularly aware of the negative impacts can have on the environment. Although they recognize that tourism is important to local economy, their aim is not to try to stop visitor. It is to help reduce their negative impact on the environment. Unlike national parks, built attractions are usually set up especially for tourists. Even so, the surroundings area may suffer because access roads cannot cope with the added volume of traffic. The result is huge for frustrating traffic jams which pollution and affects both tourist and local people. Unless they are carefully designed, new building house attraction can also spoil the Existing landscape or built environment (Chan,1998). This study is related to the present research because this gives to the entire tourist, like the problems that they may encounter as they visit the places, like traffic, pollution and crowd in Manila. Add on to that, they will also be aware of the do’s and don’ts as they visit the place. Local Studies Rizal Park, as is seen today is the product of years of dedicated and painstaking effort by thousands of known and unknown citizens who gave of their time and their labors to create beauty where there was nothing but yawning wilderness in the very heart of our premier city. Here is a park that is used, loved and nurtured by the people who saw it shape up from nothing. Now, Rizal Park is administered by the National Parks Development Committee an attached agency of the Department of Tourism. Funds for the improvements of parks are generated from government appropriations and donations from government and nongovernment sectors. The statues in this park are more than a permanent tableau to this important page in Filipino history. It has a vibrant historical significance which should be passed thru generations to generations for everyone to broaden this educational and cultural horizon and improve the feeling of self-worth that would create a favorable worldwide image of the country’s national park. (Department of Tourism, Annual Report, (Manila Bulletin,1993, p. 39). Every exclusive barrier dignitaries visiting Manila gets his first glimpse of the country’s history by strolling along the park, making a floral offering to the Rizal monument, looking at the significant spots that dot area. Indeed, Rizal Park has blossomed into a radiant fulfillment of what the Filipino hero himself might have dreamed. A project realized through the sincere, cooperative efforts of many citizens and through the support of the different administration for all time. Through this study everybody can compare Rizal Park from what it was before and, what it is today. (Myra F. Gatus, The Perception of Foreign and Local Tourist on the Facilities and Services of the Rizal Park: Its Impact to Tourist Arrival in Metro Manila). Fort Santiago, formerly an old Spanish garrison, is now a very pretty park from its rich history. Like Rizal Park, its serves as a historical `shrine of Dr. Jose Rizal, who was detained the prior to this execution in 1896. Fort Santiago contains Rizal’s memorabilia together with his last poetry â€Å"Mi Ultimo Adios. † Rizal’s last poetry can be found in an engraved that makes the exact spot where he died in Rizal Park. (The Rizal Park Walking Tour, DOT and NPDC brochure. ) Synthesis The Rizal Park is a flagship of freedom and courage as numerous political rallies, oath takings, and national events held in the area. There is no other place in Manila where one can find serenity and diversity than Rizal Park. More than just a place to stroll around the park is indeed a sanctuary to all people. CHAPTER 3 Method and Procedures This chapter includes the methodology of the study, subject with study, sampling technique, procedure of data gathering and the statistical treatment used in this study. Method of Research The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study with the adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings. It describes what currently exist, like current conditions, causes and effects relationship, trends, situations and interpretations of such data, since the study deal with the assessment of existing amenities and services concerning the possible alternatives towards a more vibrant Rizal Park. (Calderon, J. F. and Gonzales, Expectacion C. , 1993. Methods of Research and Thesis Writing. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore, Inc. , p. 62) Descriptive research or study is primarily concerned it finding out â€Å"what is†, in an investigation. It seeks to see a holistic picture of a study by gathering data that describe events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection. (Mildred B. Go et. al. , 2012. Business and Research Writing Manual, Centro Escolar University. , p. 27) Sampling Technique The researchers used the simple random sampling technique that is a method of selecting a sample from a statistical population so that every sample that could be selected has a predetermined probability of being selected. It is a subset of individuals chosen from a larger set of population. The technique is chosen because each member of the total population under the study has the same chance or equal opportunity of being selected. The Criteria in Choosing of Respondents were: 1. The respondents must be of legal age. 2. Respondents who has visited Rizal Park. 3. The respondents are capable of understanding the questionnaire given to them. 4. Respondents must be foreign and local tourist. 5. A respondent knows every part or corner of Rizal Park. Subject of the Study The subjects of the study are mainly local and foreign tourists who visited Rizal Park. These one hundred nine (109) are chosen to be the respondents study. They were randomly selected by the researchers. Subject is defined as a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures or someone who is an object of investigation (Webster’s Dictionary Special Encyclopedic Edition, Springfield, Massachusetts, 2007). Validation of Questionnaire The questionnaire was further scrutinized to correct its content validity before distributing to the final respondents. The researchers constructed the questionnaire with the sample of thirty (30) people will be picked randomly to serve as a sample of the whole population. And the one hundred nine (109) is for the population. Procedure of Data Gathering The researchers prepared a set of questionnaires in gathering the data from the respondents. The questionnaire consists of five parts. The first part of the questionnaire included the profile of the respondents such as: age, gender, nationality, occupation, frequency of visit, purpose of visit and civil status. The second part perception of Rizal Park. The third part perceived effects of the development of Rizal Park. The fourth part frequency problem of Rizal Park. Questionnaires were distributed randomly to the visitors of Rizal Park. The respondents were given an ample time to answer. The accomplished forms were then collected afterwards, on Part V, includes the interpretation of data gathered, which are as follows Statistical Treatment of Data The data gathered, were tailed, analyzed, interpreted and recorded using the following: 1 Frequency and Percentage was used for problem 1. It was used to tabulate the data, with as corresponding frequency for each category and it described the distribution of scores to be obtained. These frequencies were converted to the rate. Percentage to make quantitative comparisons of the profile of the respondents. (Rosita De Guzman Santos et al. Ph. D. , Statistics, Manila: CEU 2010, pp. 29-62) 2 Weighted Mean of the total number of the respondents and give interpretation to the mean of the respondents answer. The researcher’s purpose for this is to give each data their proper degree of importance. Legend: ResponseLikert Scale Strongly Agree 4. 50-5. 0 Agree 3. 50-4. 49 Minimally Agree 2. 50-3. 49 Disagree 1. 50-2. 49 Strongly Disagree . 50-1. 49 CHAPTER 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data The chapter is principally concerned with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data gathered from the respondents. This also contains the presentation of data in tabular forms with its correspondent’s interpretation. In this chapter, the data collected was based on the result of the questionnaire distributed by the researchers to local tourist as the respondents of this study. Based on outcome of the data gathered the following tables are enumerated: 1. Profile of Respondents 1. 1 Age. Table 1 shows that most of the Respondents’ age belongs to; 18-22 years old has a frequency of 53 or 48. 62% followed by 23-27 years old with a frequency of 13 or 11. 93%, 28-32 years old with a frequency of 11 or 10. 09%, 33-37 years old with a frequency of 10 or 9. 17%, 38-42 years old with a frequency of 5 or 4. 59%, 43-47 years old with a frequency of 7 or 6. 42%, 48-52 years old with a frequency of 5 or 4. 59%, 53-57 years old with a frequency of 1 or 0. 92%, and 58-62 years old which got a frequency of 3 or 2. 75% and 63 years old and above frequency of 1 or 0. 92%. TABLE 1 Respondents’ Age Age F % 18-22 years old 53 48. 62 23-27 year old 13 11. 93 28-32 years old 11 10. 09 33-37 years old 10 9. 17 38-42 years old 5 4. 59 43-47 years old 7 6. 42 48-52 years old 5 4. 59 53-57 years old 1 0. 92 58-62 years old 3 2. 75 63 years old and above 1 0. 92 Total 109 100% 1. 2 Gender. Table 2 shows that most or 57. 80% of the respondents are male, 42. 20% are female. TABLE 2 Respondents’ Gender Gender F % Female 63 57. 80 Male 46 42. 20 Total 109 100% 1. 3 Nationality. Table 3 shows that majority of the respondents’ nationality belong to Filipino has of 70 or 64. 22% followed by American of 15 or 13. 76%, Korean of 11 0r 10. 09%, Chinese of 8 or 7. 33% and Japanese/Papua new guinea which got of 5 or 4. 58%. TABLE 3 Respondents’ Nationality Nationality F % Filipino 70 64. 20 American 15 13. 76 Korean 11 10. 09 Chinese 8 7. 33 Japanese/Papua New Guinea 5 4. 58 Total 109 100% 1. 4 Occupation. Table 4 shows that majority of the respondents’ occupation belong to student with 58 or 53. 21% followed by white collar job has which 18 or 16. 51%; blue and gold collar job has 15 or 13. 76%; and lastly red collar has with of 3 or 2. 75%. TABLE 4 Respondents’ Occupation Occupation F % Student 58 53. 21 White Collar Job (office employee, secretarial, administrative, clerical and managerial) 18 16. 51 Blue Collar Job (teachers, miners, construction, farmer, shop workers, factory workers, service workers, mechanical and maintenance) 15 13. 76 Gold Collar Job (engineers, doctors, lawyers) 15 13. 76 Red Collar Job (government workers) 3 2. 75 Total 109 100% 1. 5. Frequency Visit. Table 5 shows that majority of the respondents’ visit the parks yearly with 40 or 36. 76%; followed by monthly with 20 or 18. 34%; weekly with 16 or 14. 67%; quarterly with 15 or 13. 76%; semi-annually with 13 or 11. 92%; and everyday with 5 or 4. 58%. TABLE 5 Respondents’ Frequency of Visit Frequency of Visit F % Yearly 40 36. 76 Monthly 20 18. 34 Weekly 16 14. 67 Quarterly 15 13. 76 Semi-Annually 13 11. 92 Everyday 5 4. 58 Total 109 100% 1. 6. Purpose of Visit. Table 6 shows that majority of the respondents’ purpose of visit are excursion with 47 or 43. 11%; followed by business with 33 or 30. 27%; educational trip 16 or 14. 67%; and tour package inclusion with 13 or 11. 92%. TABLE 6 Respondents’ Purpose of Visit Purpose of Visit F % Excursion 47 43. 11 Family Bonding 33 30. 27 Educational Trip 16 14. 67 Tour Package Inclusion 13 11. 92 Total 109 100% 1. 7. Civil Status. Table 7 shows that majority of the respondents are single 72 out of 109 or 66. 05%, while 33 are married out of 109 or 30. 27%, and 1. 83% or 2 of the respondents are separated and widowed/widower. TABLE 7 Respondents’ Civil Status Civil Status F % Single 72 66. 05 Married 33 30. 27 Separated 2 1. 83 Widowed/Widower 2 1. 83 Total 109 100% 2. The Perceptions of the local and foreign tourists on the development of the new Rizal Park in terms of: 2. 1 Architectural Design. Table 8 shows that Rizal Park the respondents’ Strongly-Agreed on Rizal Park showcases the history and culture of the Philippines with of 4. 26. Most of the respondents believed that the Rizal Park are established to protect more recent records of human activity, in which special measures are taken to protect the features of historical interest. Subjects of the study â€Å"Agreed† on the following: Rizal Park is a portrait of strength of the Filipino having with of 4. 16; The Park is a blueprint of structural variations with of 0. 35; and the Rizal Park is a representation of uniqueness with of 3. 85. TABLE 8 Respondents’ Perception on Rizal Park’s Architectural Design 2. 1 Architecture Design SD VI 2. 1 Rizal Park is a portrait of strength of the Filipino 4. 16 0. 33 Agree 2. 2 The park is a representation of uniqueness 3. 85 0. 33 Agree 2. 3 It showcase the history and culture of the Philippines 4. 26 0. 41 Strongly-Agree 2. 4 It is a blueprint of structural variations 3. 98 0. 41 Agree Total 4. 06 0. 37 Agree 2. 2 Facilities. Table 9 shows the perceptions of the respondents on the facilities of Rizal Park. The subjects of the study â€Å"Strongly-Agreed† that the park is applicable for all ages with of 4. 26. They, also â€Å"Agreed† on the following: the Rizal Park has sufficient amount of chairs and tables with of 4. 16. The park is an evidence of the creativity of Filipinos which got with of 3. 98.

The Invention of the Refrigerator free essay sample

Hello! Today I am going to talk you about the invention of the refrigerator. I chose this topic because I think we all cant imagine our lives without food, so we also cant imagine our lives without the refrigerator. Im going to present you this topic with the help of power point and I really hope that in the end of my presentation you will know something more about refrigerators. The invention of the refrigerator The conveniences we enjoy in our homes are the product of many machines we use every day to make our lives easier. We must be aware that it is only because of dedicated inventors that have spent years of their life, searching of a way to make all this possible. Were talking about machines such as the refrigerator, for example. The idea of a machine that would be able to prevent food spoilage has actually been around for a very long time before the invention of itself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Invention of the Refrigerator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was only in the late 1834 that Jacob Perkins, a young inventor after making a design persuaded John Hague to realize his idea, and like that the first kind of refrigerator was born. Early attempts In the beginning, there were made ice houses   to provide cool storage for most of the year. These ice houses were placed near freshwater lakes or packed with snow and ice during the winter. As we can see in Thomas Jeffersons diary, which chronicles the process of maintaining the ice house at the Monticello Estate, this processes were very complicated. Every winter, Jefferson brought more than 60 wagonloads of ice from the Rivanna River to keep his ice house filled. The ice house was a huge source of trouble, just by the expense of keeping it stocked. While Jefferson was busy keeping his ice house stocked, Benjamin Franklin working with chemist John Hadley in 1758 was leading us to the invention of the refrigerator. They were experimenting with the effects of evaporation using a thermometer. With some methods they were able to drop the thermometers temperature well below freezing. Perkins and his impact In 1834 a young inventor called Jacob Perkins build the worlds first refrigerator and invented a legal patent for refrigeration using vapor-compression. Soon, what was meant to be just an experiment became something fit for commercialization and other inventors tried to develop Perkins patent. In 1856 following Perkins success,  James Harrison, an immigrant from  Scotland   living in  Australia, developed an ice making machine using  ammonia  and an ether compressor. It was used in the meat packing industries of Geelong, Victoria. Few years later, Carl Paul Gottfried Linde, a  German  engineer developed refrigeration and gas separation technologies. Carl Paul Gottfried Linde (better known as Carl von Linde)   was working in the way of develop new refrigeration cycles. In 1892 Lindes research drove into the area of low temperature refrigeration and in 1894 he started work on a process for the liquefaction of air. In his later career Linde began working on a technique to obtain pure oxygen and nitrogen based on the fractional distillation of liquefied air. By 1910 Carls son Friedrich had developed the Linde double-column process, variants of which are still in common use when it comes to air separation in three main gasses: oxygen, nitrogen and argon. CONCLUSION In the 1920s and 30s, consumers were for the first time introduced to freezers – that was the time when the first electric refrigerators with ice cube compartments came on the market. Even so, the mass production of modern refrigerators didnt get started until after World War II. Few decades later when innovations like automatic defrost and automatic ice makers first appeared, it became clear that more energy-efficient refrigerators are needed, if not, there will be a huge environmental damage. The conclusion soon leaded to the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration sealed systems and the introduction of energy-efficient refrigerators. Today, the refrigerator is Americas most used appliance, found in more than 99. 5% of American homes. We are all aware that if this invention had never been invented our lives would be much more complicated. For example the food spoilage would be 5 or 6 times quicker. Besides that, we would be still forced to store our food in ice houses. With this conclusion I end my presentation. I hope you enjoyed and thank you for your attention. =)

How to Create Efficient Social Media Workflows for Every Network

How to Create Efficient Social Media Workflows for Every Network So, social media is a lot of work. Duh. You know this already. You wouldn’t be searching for a better workflow process if you didn’t think so. Before we start, see if your team checks off any of the following: Your social media workflow  doesn’t formally exist Your team is stuck in silos, making cross team collaboration impossible Your current social media workflow  is long and cumbersome You need a way to approve content faster Your team isn’t creating content fast enough to keep up with project demands If you looked at this list and thought â€Å"well, that describes my problem† you should probably keep reading. In this post, well show you: How to plan out workflows for every major social network How to turn those workflows into reusable checklists (called Task Templates) in . Weve also included a free Social Media Workflow  Process Template to help you document your workflow from start to finish. Download it now, and then well move on.How To Create Efficient  Social Media Workflows for Every NetworkIn Case You Don’t Have Time To Read Because who does? You could stop right now and sign up for , where we’ll do everything for you. Yup. We’ll automate everything for you. From task lists to team reports, we’ll take away your ever changing spreadsheets, endless email chains and stress over what has been approved and what hasn't been. No, you’re not dreaming, I promise. So, stop reading and sign up your team for a demo. Unless you really wanna keep reading. I am pretty hilarious after all. Still reading? Ok, let’s go over the basics then. Here's how to plan your social media workflows, fast:Training Your Team Members On Expectations For Content It’s vitally important that you train in new team members. You know this already. But how you train in your social media team members could help you save valuable time when it comes to approving your social content. How? Let your new (and old) team members know what your expectations for content are. Are posts always supposed to contain a certain hashtag? What is the overall voice of your social channels? When can they use video? Are gifs company approved or should they stay away from them? If you can answer these and more questions (I'll give you a starting list in a second), you’ll be able to cut your approval time in half because you trust your team to keep the standard of content you expect. So what questions should you be answering so you undoubtedly trust your team? Here’s list of things I asked when I would start working on social media for a corporation. What is the tone of this brand’s voice? What do our  social posts sound like? Do we have specific hashtags that we use in every post? What is the standard for graphics and images we post to our pages? How about videos? Can we use emojis or gifs? How often to we post to our channels each day? How do we create our content? If I need an in house video or graphic, who do I talk to? How does my manager want to be notified when content is ready for approval? What is the overall process of approval? How many eyes need to see my content before it gets published? Remember this list is a short one. The list of questions you need to answer in order to accurately train your team members may be different. Once you have your question list pull up a blank document  or download the template from our approval process kit. Type in each question and answer it for your team. Now as you get to the last few questions on this list you may have stumbled. Maybe you don’t really have an approval process worked out for your social media content yet. And now you might be staring at your screen wondering, â€Å"How do I create a social media approval workflow?† What if I did it for you? :) Keep reading to find them. How To Create Internal Checklists For Your Social Media Workflows These next few lists are going to help you break down your current approval process and cut down on unnecessary tasks to help streamline your team. How To Create A General  Social Media Workflow Checklist So if you were to write down your content approval checklist, it might look something like this. Gather essential team members (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Brainstorm content ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Choose your 10x ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Prioritize your top ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) For each idea determine your full to do list (31 days before publish) (social media manager) Assign tasks to team members (31 days before publish) (social media manager) Find keywords for content (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) Write rough draft of social content (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) Meet with assigned designers to determine visuals (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) Peer edit written content (27 days before publish) (content writer) Peer edit visuals (27 days before publish) (graphic designer) Send written content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (social media manager) Send visual content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (graphic design manager) Edit written content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (social media specialist) Edit visual content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (graphic designer) Send to managers for final approval (20 days before publish) (social media specialist) Send content to higher ups for approval (17 days before publish) (social media manager) Determine optimal posting times across all social platforms (14 days before publish) (social media specialist) Add content to posting platform (14 days before publish) (social media specialist) Respond to questions and comments on content (5 days after publish) (social media specialist) I’m not gonna lie, this list makes me have a mini panic attack. It’s a lot of work. Now what if you could cut that list in half so it looks more like this. Brainstorm and prioritize your 10x ideas (25 days before publish) (social media manager) Assign tasks to team members (18 days before publish) (social media manager) Find keywords for content (16 days before publish) (social media specialist) Write a rough draft for social content (15 days before publish) (social media specialist) Design rough draft of visuals (15 days before publish) (graphic designer) Edit written content (12 days before publish) (social media specialist) Edit design content (12 days before publish) (graphic designer) Send to manager for final approval (10 days before publish) (social media specialist) Determine optimal posting times for content (7 days before publish) (social media specialist) Publish content (0 days before publish) (social media specialist) That list was cut in half. IN HALF. Are you flabbergasted? It’s easy to cut out tasks once you figure out why they are there. There are usually three reasons you have a task listed in your approval process. To act as a reminder To keep a team on track To make sure that content is being completed the correct way While these are three valid reasons to put your tasks into a list, eventually once your team is trained in, they become unnecessary because they knows what needs to be done. With that in mind, let me explain what was cut, combined together and why that happened. 1. We Cut Step 1 And Combine Steps 2 Through 4. Quick recap of steps 1 through 4: 1. Gather essential team members (45 days before publish) (social media manager) 2. Brainstorm content ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) 3. Choose your 10x ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) 4. Prioritize your top ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Why did we cut step one? It’s pointless. You know you need your team together to brainstorm together. It creates an unnecessary step that doesn’t need to be listed because you already do it. We combine steps 2 through 4 because they naturally flow together. Your team should have one session where you brainstorm and prioritize your 10x ideas. Anything that doesn’t fit into a 10x isn’t worth your team’s focus and is a waste of your valuable time. Anything that isn't 10X isn't worth your team's focus or time.2. Cut Step 5 Recap of step 5: For each idea determine your full to do list (31 days before publish) (social media manager) Cutting the full to do list for each campaign should be an easy task to eliminate from your line up? Why? Because when you post social content, you should be following a pattern. While the exact content may differ, your to do list shouldn’t. This brings me back to my earlier point on properly training in your team. By having a set project to do list, you’re able to train your employees to learn the standards that are being set for your social content. If your team knows the standards, they know what it takes to get the content there. Easy right? 3. Cut Steps 9 Through 17.  (Yes, Seriously) Recap of steps: 9.   Meet with assigned designers to determine visuals (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) 10. Peer edit written content (27 days before publish) (content writer) 11. Peer edit visuals (27 days before publish) (graphic designer) 12. Send written content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (social media manager) 13. Send visual content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (graphic design manager) 14. Edit written content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (social media specialist) 15. Edit visual content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (graphic designer) 16. Send to managers for final approval (20 days before publish) (social media specialist) 17. Send content to higher ups for approval (17 days before publish) (social media manager) It may seem like I just hacked half the approval workflow away. That’s because I did. This jumps back into my earlier point about the importance of training your team members to uphold the brand’s standards for content. If you team knows the expectations, they know what is unacceptable.

Teacher professional development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teacher professional development - Assignment Example Without a doubt, this is a great program to harness learning. As of now, no other educational institutions are taking a proactive approach towards this active learning. Hence, any foundation to cultivate learning is a good one. Moreover, it stimulates a social environment in which children have the appropriate environment to nurture themselves. Therefore, this program is necessary to continue and improve the system in the long-run. One of the main challenges of this program is that it is very dynamic, and does not possess a straight forward curriculum. Since there is no standardization of the curriculum, it becomes a challenge to embed these programs holistically. Additionally, many teachers and students lack the correct resources to train their students. This creates an ambiguity of a mutual symbiotic relationship in which students do not fully comprehend teachers. Another element towards the weakness of the program is culture. Culture forbids asking questions, which in essence creates a barrier for students to challenge thinking and grow their intellect. In order to rectify this, it is crucial to have an open dialogue between students and teachers that creates an aura of symbiotic

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or on the NASDAQ Analysis Essay

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or on the NASDAQ Analysis - Essay Example Ford Motor also has magnificent dividend coverage. At the current state, Ford Motor is trading at some 4% dividend yield with some potential if Ford Motor will continue with its expansion. Ford Motor is on a recovery plan hence a reason to watch it. NYSE stock is risky for investments. Investing in such market is tricky and need more strength and resilience that many stock beginners lack. Taking stock investments with Ford Motor, for example, is risky because the automotive industry is cyclical and any time the vehicle business can fall hence affecting the investment. However, investors should always consider the tomorrow of a company before making investments. The future of Ford Motor is bright for example with the new model F-150 model holding a lot of potential in North America market. Ford Motor is the fifth largest world automobile manufacturer. The size is measured in volume of production with Ford making more sales in Ford’s European operations. Ford’s automotive is highly regarded in quality compared to its competitors. Ford size has been affected recently in the past where it had to reduce the production volume in U.S due to high production costs incurred in increased wages. The company is growing and it has the potential for the future. Growth is evident in the companies’ plans and implementation, which is slowly taking into track. One of the best strategies used by Ford Motor was the Global Product Development System, which is a tool for sharing designs globally. The strategy has been helping in developing vehicles fit for the different class of customers in the whole world. In the last quarter in 2014, Ford Motor achieved pre-tax profit of 6.3 billion dollars and net income of 3.2 billion dollars. Outlook for the pre-tax profit in this 2015 is 8.5 billion dollars to 9.5 billion dollars. The fourth quarter earnings were 26% past the 23% expectations per share by analysts. The price or earnings in stock are currently at 20.8% Ford

The Crucible - Abigail Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Abigail Essay The character who I would find the most interesting to play in The Crucible is Abigail. There are many ways in which Miller has made her an interesting and complex character to act as, including her change in power over the stage, her role as a cruel and merciless character, the fact you can relate her to a real historical figure and the audiences ability to see a slightly softer side to her at some points in the play and question their opinions of her. The first way in which Miller makes Abigail an interesting character to play is the way in which her control over the stage and the audience changes throughout the play. There are times when she shown as a very strong and manipulative character and has great presence, for example in the yellow bird scene where she leads all the other girls in preventing Mary Warren from telling the truth. The words are full of malice, for example when she first mentions Marys name and says Envy is a deadly sin Mary. Even though she has been lying and sinning throughout the play, the uses of the words deadly and sin show us that she is very good at manipulating the situation to her advantage by planting these malicious words into peoples heads. She is made to sound very threatening but at the same time she is saving herself, not minding getting others into trouble. However, in contrast to this, there are times in the play where Miller shows some of Abigails power slipping away from her and she is not able to play with the mind of the person she is talking to. A good example of this is where she is talking to Proctor near the beginning of the play and is trying to convince him that he still loves her. The words Miller has given her show her clutching at straws as she tries everything she knows, for example trying to be seductive when she says Give me a word John, a soft word. When this doesnt work, she is shown as getting even more desperate, finally shouting out John, pity me, pity me! These two examples show her in very different stages of power. I think this would be interesting to play as you would both be able to hold the stage at some points but also be able to play a character with some depth and show her scrabbling for any power she can when she does not get her way. Carrying on from this, another interesting part of playing Abigail would be the sheer power that she has over the audience during the play. She is almost always the centre of attention whenever she possibly can be and the audience are never completely sure whether they should be pitying her or being very suspicious of her. From the start we can see through the stage directions that Abby is meant to have a remarkable skill for dissembling, however the audience do not see this and so they go through the play wondering what to really think of her. She acts very sweet and innocent at the beginning and it would be enjoyable for the actress to play this knowing that she is in fact deceiving the audience. Later on in the play she could be played showing more twistedness, for example when she is playing the yellow bird scene and making remarks at Mary Warren whom we trust and believe isnt a witch, so by then the audiences sympathies will have moved and the actress playing Abigail can really show them how bitter her character is.

This reflective essay is centred on pain assessment

This reflective essay is centred on pain assessment For the purpose of the case study I intend to use Gibbs(1998) model of reflection as this model is clear, precise allowing for description, analysis and evaluation of the experience, then prompts the practitioner to formulate an action plan to improve their practice in future(Jasper, 2003). Wilkinson (2007) identifies assessment as the first phase of the nursing process in which a nurse uses their knowledge and skills to express human caring. It is important to choose an organised and systematic approach when caring out an assessment that enhances your ability to discover all the information needed to fully understands someones heath status (Alfaro-Le Fevre,2004) .This can be achieved by obtaining your information form medical record and nursing charts by physical examination of the patient and also talking to patient and their families(Wilkinson,2007). The use of objective data is more helpful in collecting information when the patient is ventilated and sedated, as they are often in the critical care setting, and this can be done by examining the patients vital sign, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and blood results (Bulman and Schutz 2004). I have chosen pain assessment in post- operative ventilated patient. I have worked in ICU for 4 years during this time I have nursed many post- operative ventilator patients who were on continuous infusion of sedatives and analgesics. Many of them showed signs of inadequate pain relief and associated complications. Having undertaken this module I further educated myself in this field of nursing assessment I now know, or rather have an improved knowledge base and understanding of the different aspects of pain assessment tools and recognize the possibility that I have probably nursed many more patients who were demonstrating symptoms of inadequate analgesia and associated complications. Given an increased awareness and knowledge I have gained through teaching, research and current literature on this topic I now, also recognise the importance of this assessment practice in particular in relation to the ventilated, non- communicated patients in ICU. According to International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP,1979) pain is described as unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Clinically pain is whatever the person says he or she is experiencing whenever he or she says it does (Mc Caffery 1979) .Appropriate pain assessment is crucial to pain management. Patients self- report is the gold standard of pain assessment. However pain tools that rely on verbal self-report may not be appropriate for using non- verbal ventilated sedated patients in ICU. Pain assessment tool used in our critical care setting is based on a numerical pain rating score from 0-4, a score of 0 being no pain at all and 4 being the worst pain ever experienced. There is also a visual analogue scale for patients who have difficulty communicating, they can indicate by looking at the chart and pointing at either the happy face that has no pain or a series of faces showing different stages of pain (appendix t hree). These tools were chosen by the specialised pain care nurses working for the trust. The tools are favoured as they provide nurses with a quick, easy assessment. They are used widely throughout the trust to provide continuity of pain assessment.Both of these tools have proved successful in practice and are supported by the literature as being reliable and accurate in practice. However they depend greatly on the patient being able to express themselves or communicate verbally with the practitioner .Using these methods of pain assessment is not accurate on sedated patients with altered conscious level. In nonverbal patients the use of behavioural or physiological indicators are strongly recommended for detection of pain (Jacobi et al 2006). The patient in critical care may experience pain from many sources. Along with physical pain, psychological factors such as fear, anxiety and sleep disturbances may play a significant role in patients overall pain experience (Macintyre and Ready 2002). Urden et al (2010) states, pain can be acute or chronic, sensations are different in relation to its origin. Acute pain-duration is short corresponds to the healing process, ranges between 30 days to 6 months. Chronic pain lasts more than 3 to 6 months and can either or not associated with an illness. Somatic pain is well localised sharp, acute pain arising from skin, muscle, joints. Visceral pain refers to the deep, ill localized arising from an organ. Nociceptive pain occurs when inflammation stimulates pain receptors ( Urden et al 2010). Pain experienced in critical care patients are mostly acute and has multiple origins. Mr. Smith a 45 year old gentleman admitted to ICU following Laparotomy for small bowel perforation and faecal peritonitis. Mr Smith was cardiovascularly unstable and was unable to be extubated immediately after surgery due to secondary sepsis. He was receiving an infusion of Propofol and Fentanyl to keep him comfortable and provide analgesia. His medical notes revealed his past medical history of previous Cholecystectomy for gall bladder stones and biliary obstruction. I was assigned to nurse him on his second day in ICU. During handover the previous staff member reported that Mr. Smith became very agitated and hypertensive soon after he was repositioned to his side. Mr. Smith was given a bolus dose of Propofol infusion and the rate of Infusion increased. Whilst doing the Patient assessment I noticed Mr Smith is restless and not compliant with the ventilator. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) performed which showed Mr. Smith is hypo ventilating. Meanwhile Mr. Smith became more agitated with e scalating non-compliance with ventilator and significant increase in his Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) which was being monitored continuously by the arterial line and transducer. He was showing facial grimaces and moving his extremities restlessly. I tried to reassure him by talking to him, reorientating him to time, place and person, explaining to him that he is safe. Adam and Osbourne (2005) identifies that critically ill patients frequently require help with coping with many of the stresses like physical discomfort, isolation, fear of pain and death. By using strategies like communicate caring and understanding and provide information repeatedly and in sufficient detail for the patient etc. helps the patient to cope with the stress. But repeated reassurance and reorienting has not made any improvements in his current status. Pain is an important problem in critical care and its detection is a priority. Pain assessment is vital to detect pain (Urden 2010). Pooler-Lunse and Price(1992) emphasises that critically ill patients who are unable to communicate effectively are at high risk of suffering from pain. Poorly controlled pain can stress the sympathetic nervous system leaving vulnerable patients at risk of complication and can compromise recovery and negatively affect both morbidity and mortality(Puntillo et al 2004, Dracup and Bryan- Brown 1995).Mr Smith was ventilated and due to the effect of sedatives his level of consciousness was altered. In critical care factors alter verbal communication is mechanical ventilation, administration of sedative agents and the patients change in level of consciousness (Hamill-Ruth R J, Marohn L 1999 ,Kwekkeboom K L, Herr K 2001,Shannon K, Bucknall T 2003). The consequences of untreated acute pain in critically ill patients include increases in catecholamine and stress hormone levels which are potential causes of tachycardia, hypertension, increased oxygen requirements and decreased tissue perfusion (Blakely and Page 2001, Hamill-Ruth and Marohn 1991). Mr Smith was increasingly hypertensive and tachycardia. Despite giving increased oxygenation Mr.Smith was hypo ventilating due to non- compliance to the ventilator. Marshall and Soucy(2003) identifies agitation is a common problem in critically ill patients and has been shown to be associated with inadequate pain management. Agitation can have serious consequences with patience removing access lines compromising their oxygen needs by self extubating (Cohen et al 2002). Following discussion with the nurse in charge of the shift it was apparent that Mr. Smith was showing behavioural signs of pain. There were no other obvious reasons as to why he had become compromised with his ventilation.When I approached the medical team concerning Mr.Smiths increasing agitation and non- compliance to ventilation I was instructed to give a bolus of propofol and fentanyl and to increase the rate of propofol and fentanyl until Mr Smith was deemed medically manageable. I was decided to increase Mr.Smiths ventilatory support. Following the treatment Mr Smith became much more stable, he became less tachypoenic was synchronising with the ventilator; his blood pressure was within acceptable limits and monitoring in sinus rhythm. The clinician did not assess Mr Smith for signs of inadequate pain management. Unfortunately due to hypoventilation and non-compliance to mechanical ventilation, Mr Smith had to be remained on high levels of ventilation and increased levels of sedatives for the next few hours emphasising evidence by Pooler-Lunse and Price(1992), the physiological complications associated with pain including Pulmonary complications and increased cardiac workload as well as depression and anxiety and increased days of hospital stay(Desbians et al 1996).Upon further reflection I should have noted Mr Smiths agitation associated with inadequate pain relief. Had I been knowledgeable in this field Mr.Smiths agitation and physiological signs of restlessness and facial grimaces would have prompted me to carry out a detailed pain assessment. Had there been a behavioural pain assessment scale on the unit where I work that may have prompted me carry out the assessment and linked these signs as indicators of inad equate pain relief. During my further assessment of Mr.Smith I had various thoughts and feelings which included feeling apprehensive and self-doubt regarding the decision to increase sedation and ventilator support. Whilst reviewing his past medication history I noticed that Mr Smith had been on regular analgesics which are co-codomol and paracetamol and there was no indication for their use in his notes. Fink R (2000) recognises that reviewing patients past pain experiences and how did he or she usually react to it can be of good value when assessing pain and can help to decide treatment options ,by questioning patients family or significant other can provide us the information about patients pain history. Later during the visiting hours Mrs Smith came to visit Mr Smith. I have given her a brief update of his condition including the changes made to his sedation and ventilation. Then I enquired to Mrs Smith about the indication of those analgesics he was on .She revealed that Mr.Smith developed back pai n when he discharged to home after undergone cholecystectomy six months ago and he was prescribed those analgesics by his G.P(General Practitioner). She also mentioned that he had problems getting optimal pain relief post operatively even when he had cholecystectomy, and he would not tolerate lying on his sides. This co-related his agitation and restlessness happened when the night staff turned him to his side. I notified these things to the ICU doctors and raised my concern that lack of adequate pain management could be the reason for Mr Smiths earlier agitation. They also agreed on this possibility and advised to change fentanyl infusion to remifentanyl and to adjust the rate of the infusion to keep Mr Smiths pain relief optimal. Remifentanyl is potent analgesics, so ensure the patient is pain free but prevents over sedating the patient, allows rapid arousal and recovery from sedation thus facilitates daily sedation holds and neurological assessment( Dhaba et al 2004). He was also prescribed regular paracetamol and Tramadol when required. It was then decided to reduce Mr.Smiths sedation as he was haemodynamically stable, he was then able to respond and started following commands. Mr. Smith was now able to communicate if he had pain or not by squeezing my hand to command. Invasive technology can restrict the reliance on many behavioural indicators of pain (Bucknall and Shannon 2003) on the other hand it is argued that invasive lines enables constant monitoring of blood pressure (B.P) and heart rate (H.R), two commonly utilised indicators of pain and thus help to assess pain (Bucknall and Shannon 2003) .Even though Mr Smith was hypertensive and tachycardic this was presumed to be due to agitation. In a contradicting statement Bucknall and Shannon(2003) points out that the sympathetic symptoms i.e. Increasing B.P and H.R are also been found to be unreliable. Pooler-Lunse and Price (1992) emphasises that the Para sympathetic stimulation can result in less observable signs with prolonged pain, but pain intensity remains unchanged. The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) recommendations cited in Herr k et al ( 2002) emphasises that vital signs can be affected by other distress conditions, homeostatic changes and medications there for they should not be considered as primary indicators of pain.With conflicting evidence it is difficult to make decisions that best support this assessment practice. Anand K J S,Craig K (1996), Herr K et al (2006) states that behavioural indicators are strongly recommended for pain assessment in non- verbal patients , few tools have been developed and tested in critically ill patients. The Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) are suggested and supported by experts for using uncommunicative critically ill patients (Li-D, Puntillo, Sessler 2008). BPS was tested and validated exclusively in ventilated, unconscious patients (Payen et al 2001,Young G 2006, Aissaoui Y et al 2005).The Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) includes three behaviours 1) facial expression 2)movements of upper limbs3)compliance with the ventilator. Each behaviour is rated on a scale from 1 to 4 for a possible total score from 3 to 12. The BPS can be used quickly (2 to 5 minutes), most clinicians were satisfied with its ease of use (Payen et al 2001). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) was tested in verbal and non- verbal critical ly ill adults (Gelinas C 2006,2007) its content validity supported by ICU experts including nurses and physicians (Gelinas C 2009). CPOT includes four behaviours 1) facial expression 2) body movements 3) compliance with the ventilator 4) muscle tension. Each behaviour is rated from 0 to 2 for a possible score of 0 to 8.Gelinas C and Hammond reports that feasibility and clinical utility of CPOT were positively evaluated by ICU nurses and agree it is easy to complete, simplicity to understand the usefulness for nursing practice. My experience of using a behavioural pain scale tool is limited, however I feel that if practitioners were able to assess pain more accurately then they would be able to manage there patients pain more effectively. Use of a behavioural pain score (BPS) evaluating facial expressions, limb movement and compliance with the ventilator has proved to be a valid reliable tool in practice. A recent study evaluating the reliability and use of the BPS consistently identified increases in pain scores after repositioning patients in the ICU. There were only small non- specific changes in the BPS after non painful intervention of eye care (Gelinas etal 2006). I nursed Mr Smith again 5 days later. He had since been extubated and was alert and oriented. Even though he could not remember the events when he was ventilated and sedated, he learned from his wife what had happened. He was very thankful to me for investigating the possible reason for his agitated behaviour and prompting the doctors about this and thus provide him adequate pain relief. Upon further reflection and evaluation of my assessment of Mr.Smith I feel there have been positive and negative aspects of the assessment. The positive aspects include- I have been able to gain further knowledge in various aspects and tools of pain assessment .By reviewing patients medical notes and gaining history from his wife I have linked his agitated behaviour and taken the possibility that these are signs of inadequate pain relief and I have managed to convince the medical team regarding this in order to act on it. Current research identifies multidisciplinary collaboration provides optimum care for the patient (Bucknall T, Shannon K 2003), this emphasises the need to perform regular, accurate pain assessment and care full documentation (Bucknall T, Shannon K 2003). When considering the negative aspects of my assessment I feel I did not use a holistic approach instead I considered Mr.Smiths agitated behaviour as a physical problem, I was concentrated to treat the symptoms and not the patient. As described in Roper Tinney L(1989) assessment tools achieving patient centred nursing is important. I could not identify Mr.Smiths behavioural indicators of pain primarily due to my lack of knowledge about this assessment tool as well as there was no unit assessment protocol which includes the behavioural assessment scale, Unfortunately this is not isolated, it is in fact a universal problem .Camp (1998) points out that like many speciality nurse critical care nurses and physicians recognises that there basics education was insufficient for caring for patients in pain. Accurate detection of the critically ill patients pain is not an easy task for ICU nurses especially when the patient is unable to self-report because of mechanical ventilation or due to the effects of sedatives. Stanton (1991) argues that pain assessment and management may be significantly improved by enhancing nurses knowledge combined with improved communication of the problem. NMC(2008)emphasises that having appropriate knowledge, skills and attitude towards pain, pain assessment and its management is essential to provide optimum patient care. Use of pain assessment tools is highly recommended by Kaiser(1992), identifies that an effective pain assessment tool as part of the documentation improves communication between patients and nurses as well as nurses and medical staff. Even though we had a pain assessment tool (0 to 4 numeric pain assessment scale) due its limitations on the use in non-communicative patients it was not contributing much in patients pain management. The previous practitioner documented the patients pain score is Unable to assess as the patient is sedated and ventilated. This highlights the inappropriate use of our pain tool currently being used in practice as a patient is unable to verbalise or communicate their pain if they are sedated and ventilated. Although todays guidelines strongly suggest that the use of a standardised behavioural pain scale to nurses who care for uncommunicative patients, further research is still needed to fully understand the behavioural and physiological responses of critica lly ill patients who are experiencing pain (Herr K et al 2008). On reflection my underpinning knowledge and confidence in this area of assessment has developed tremendously. I feel that I have gained knowledge and insight into an important patient assessment, from an initial lack of sufficient knowledge I am now able to bring evidence based practice in the clinical area which will benefit the patient and my colleagues. By understanding the physiology, pain assessment tools and the complications of poorly managed pain, I will have the knowledge and skills to manage these patients. The use of sedatives and analgesics places a great deal of responsibility on critical care nurses and they must understand how the drugs work , complications of their use and how to monitor effectiveness staff must understand sedation does not equate analgesia (Ashley and Given 2003). The use of an appropriate pain assessment tool and management algorithm is essential for adequate pain management. Since undertaking this study, it is of interest to note that our practice development nurse and the specialist pain nurse for ICU ,have jointly developed a behavioural pain assessment scale similar to the BPS and CPOT scale, and staffs are encouraged to use it routinely. I feel that my action plan and recommendations are to promote the use of the pain assessment tool by educating the nurses and emphasising the importance of this assessment to improve patient outcome. The need for education to train staff on how to use the tool would take both time and money. The NHS is already under extreme financial pressures and money for training is not readily available. However if an improvement in pain management was successful then patients stay may be shorter, thus having a beneficial effect. I am also aware of the importance of not relying solely on the assessment tools but the use of both good nursing assessment and assessment tools to improve optimal patient management, shortening the recovery time and reducing the likely hood of complications (Ashley and Given 2003). A sedated, ventilated, non-communicative patient is vulnerable and relies completely on those providing care for them but as to their family at this anxious time. Education and training will improve patient care and ultimately patient safety which is paramount. Therefore I will take the knowledge and information I have acquired back to my clinical area as I have a duty to provide a high standard of practise and care at all times (NMC 2008)

‘In Paris With You’ by James Fenton and ‘Hour’ by Carol An Duffy Essay

James Fenton born 25th of April 1949 is a modern English poet, journalist a literary critic and was also a former Oxford professor of poetry. He wrote several books about poetry mostly about relationship and war like the collection of poems ‘The Memory of War’. He received multiple of awards for his poetry, the latest was in 2007 when he was rewarded a ‘Queen’s Gold Medal for Poetry’. Carol Ann Duffy born 23 December 1955 is also a modern Scottish poet and playwright. Her poetry style speaks about everyday life experiences through stages of her life about love, memory and languages. She wrote poetry collection, children books and plays. Both poets show heavy feelings about love in their respectful poems but each poem contains different contents but apply to the same theme: love. In Paris With You makes the reader think that the poem is romantic but it actually an anti-clichà © poem that focuses mostly on the poet’s bitterness towards love because he speaks about his experience with his rejected love and his rebound relationship, the poem rejects conventional ideas about love. He might have been in love before and she left him, that is seen when he says â€Å"Yes I’m angry at the way I’m been bamboozled.† and that is why he’s hurt and in need of forgetting about his former lover but isn’t quite there yet when he starts the poem in a negative way: â€Å"Don’t talk to me of love. I’ve had an earful† This suggests that the narrator finds the subject of love difficult to discuss because of his share of love and heartbreak. Throughout the poem ‘Don’t’ is repeated and that indicates repetition in the first and last two stanza, it also shows how controlling Fenton was with his former lover when he’s always saying ‘Don’t’ as she left him. This gives the reader an impression of the poet is possessive and heartbroken because of the ending of his former relationship. The sentence ‘Don’t talk to me of love’ and that proves that the man is determined on keeping the subject of love out of a conversation and detest it being brought up by cause of his heartbreak from his past relationship as if trying to protect himself from further pain. I find the way the poet started the poem in a negative way really intense because the poet jumps into the subject without pleasantries towards love and doesn’t hide his distaste towards it and shows his deep  bitterness against love. Fenton also talks about how he’s victimized and has a feeling of self-pity by love throughout the poem when he describes the state he has been when his relationship ended with his ex lover, how he spent it hurt and drowning his misery with alcohol to help him forget. In the first stanza, he says: ‘I’m one of your talking wounded.’ That has a strong imagery of war because ‘wounded’ suggests that someone is injured in battle and in this case, injured because of love. The poet also mentions that: ‘I’m a hostage. I’m maroonded’ and that show us his emphasize on him being abandoned and deserted as he describes it as he’s trapped and stranded. He uses metaphors when he says that he’s really trapped as a ‘hostage’ and left alone in an inescapable place. He shows rebellion when he says ‘maroonded’ instead ‘marooned’ which is the right term. It gives the reader and idea of how painful love is to the poet and lowers the reader’s expectations of romance and love. Fenton uses a comical rhyme in ‘wounded’ and ‘maroonded’ to add a humor into the poem to lighten up the mood of the poem despite the bitterness. I think that the way the poet describes himself is in a devastating state after being deceived by love. The poem’s title ‘In Paris With You’ suggests a romantic theme but it’s ironic that Paris is the city of love but Fenton is only in Paris because he’s on the rebound but only because Paris reminds him of his former relationship. He uses repetition of ‘I’m in Paris with You’ throughout the poem reflects the speaker’s insistent concentration on the present. Fenton then goes off listing to show his disdain towards Paris’ landmark and how he doesn’t want to visit Paris’ romantic landmarks ‘If we skip the Champs Elysees’ meaning he would rather ‘remain here in this sleazy, old hotel room’ meaning that the poet rejects the traditional and usual romantic gestures and places in Paris and that they are unimportant and that shows us that he doesn’t care about the scenery around him as long being together with his lover, but stay in Paris is only about being on the rebound to forge t his former love, and that he’d rather stay in a cheap hotel room instead of going out to romantic Paris features. It creates an image in the reader’s mind of the tone of this poem where it goes from bitter, sad and  mournful and tells us that the poet doesn’t actually care about the woman or lover he had in company. There’s enjambment between stanzas three and four in ‘†¦in this sleazy†¦Old hotel room.’ That is used because the poet wants the poem read in a faster pace instead of a slow one without pauses in between stanzas so it shows the poet’s thoughts. I think the way the poet emphasize his bitterness towards love resulted to him turning towards alcohol and lust, his behavior is relatable in many ways because after a heartbreak, people tend to try to forget their feelings and their aching heart. Hour talks about how time is an enemy of love and how it destroys love with how quick it goes, that time is an obstacle for love and Duffy starts the poem with: â€Å"Love’s time beggar,† which is personification and it suggests that love is dependent and is a slave for time, that it doesn’t last forever and that is a negative sign. This has a huge impact on the reader because when being in love, there is never enough time to spend together with your lover and it goes quickly. The personification show us the image of love being a beggar and time being someone who would pass by and offer, that is when Duffy used â€Å"†¦but even a single hour, bright as a dropped coin, makes love rich.† And that means that time, which is the passer, offers love only an hour to be spent on and narrator values that and it also shows strong imagery of wealth to present that the love is far more precious than all the wealth in the world. This also suggests to the reader that the time spent between the speaker and her love is valuable for the both of them. Like I said above, love being put as a beggar has a negative tone and that only highlights the fact that time is a problem for love. The poem is a extended metaphor that time wastes love and that is seen when the narrator says: â€Å"For thousands of seconds we kiss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that could only mean that the narrator in the poem has been counting the time because she still couldn’t get enough of her lover. Throughout the poem, the poet uses various of imagery of wealth that identifies that the narrator finds the hour spent with her love one precious to her, Duffy uses the sentence: â€Å"love spins gold, gold, gold from straw,† which links to the story of Rumplestilskin where it also talks about how straw turns to gold, it also introduces the contrast to show that opposite  things mentioned in the poem like ‘jewel’ and ‘cuckoo spit’ and in the sentence, the poet says that love is spinning from straw which is negative and an ordinary thing to gold showing that love is cherished and valued. If the reader has experienced love in their life, they will find themselves relating to certain parts of the poem and find that longing love does indeed leave you finding the small amount of time precious. Duffy uses colour like ‘gold’ and wealth imagery when she mentions ‘coin’ – ‘rich’ – ‘treasure’ and etcetera to emphasize that love is more valuable than all the wealth and treasures of the world. I could agree that being in love with someone could leave you dependent on that person and set them as your reason of happiness and that is a beautiful thing, however, people shouldn’t rely on love too much because it will leave them in pain when the other person break their heart or falls out of love. Duffy uses romantic imagery in the first stanza, line 3 and 4 where she shows how unromantic scenery is more than enough for her that her and her lover would rather be out in nature. She says: â€Å"Spend it not on flowers or wine, but the whole of the summer sky and a grass ditch.† And that the place to her isn’t important as long as her lover and she are together, she prefers the outdoors because of the natural setting that surrounds them because of its simplicity. It also displays sign of sibilance and the effectiveness of the narrator’s feeling and her lover would rather enjoy the nature and the natural air instead of going on typical and traditional dates (courting) and that shows non-conventional ideas of love. The reader would find the idea of being out in nature a bit strange for dates but some may relate. Duffy suggests that â€Å"the summer sky and a grass ditch† which is far away from being a traditional place to spend with your love one but the narrator finds it an exceeding choice to enjoy the ‘summer sky’ and not be distracted with people in public, romantic places because the narrator only has an hour to spend it with her love. I find the setting of the poem odd to be a place spent by two people but it only defines who her lover and her are as a couple in this society and how different they are from the rest of normal couples and that is special. Both poems have similarity because they both show vivid feeling conveyed by  the poet. Whilst In Paris with You is bitter towards love, Hour is more about how time is an obstacle for love and spending an hour with your loved one is precious. The structure in both poems is also different. The similarities between both poems use metaphoric language to describe emotional feelings and also write in first person. I like the ‘In Paris With You’ poem because it had a deeper meaning into the words and people would have to read between the lines to finally get it with poetry. ‘Hour’ is a beautiful poem but I didn’t find myself pulled deeper into the words but Duffy does display both light and darkness and that is something interesting.